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Thursday, May 17, 2012

GOVERMENT INTERVEINS ON BEHALF OF HOTEL GUEST


SAO PAULO — Brazil is taking steps to lower the spiraling cost of accommodations during the United Nations' upcoming conference on sustainable development, the office of President Dilma Rousseff said Wednesday.
The statement said the steps could bring reductions of more than 60 percent for the cost of housing at the Rio+20 conference in Rio de Janeiro, where authorities faced sharp criticism for skyrocketing hotel costs and shortcomings in available rooms.
As many as 50,000 people are expected to flood into Rio for the June 20-22 event even though the city has a hotel capacity of just 33,000 beds. Critics have accused the city's hotel sector of taking advantage of the spike in demand to charge exorbitant rates, often several times the normal prices.
The statement from Rousseff's office said the company responsible for providing accommodations to conference participants, Brazilian tour operator Terramar Turismo e Eventos, was scrapping its 25 percent management fee.
In addition, hotels will no longer require guests to book a weeklong stay, meaning delegates will be able to pay for only the nights they intend to stay, the statement said. That will lead to a 30 percent to 40 percent price cut for some delegates.
Delegates who have already paid their stay in full will be reimbursed the difference.
The deal was worked out by government officials and representatives of the hotel sector during meetings that began last week.
It came in response to a barrage of criticism from conference delegates, including the announcement earlier this month that the European Parliament had canceled its entire 11-person delegation due to the costs.
The average cost of a room in Rio during the conference had risen to $818 a night, according to a report last week by Agencia Brasil, the state-run news agency. But even at those prices, rooms during the conference were so hard to come by that the mayor appealed to residents to leave town and rent out their apartments to delegates.
Rio+20 is the follow-up to the United Nations' 1992 Earth Summit, also held in Rio, which helped put climate change on the world agenda.
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May 16, 2012 09:41 PM EDT

Wednesday, May 16, 2012

TETHER DREAMS IN THE SHADOW GAME


TETHER DREAMS IN THE SHADOW GAME
By Claude L. Arango

CHAPTER ONE
BLAME IT ON RIO

Beyond the rain soaked shores of Copacabana Beach, high above the mountains that surround Guanabara Bay, scattered rain clouds roam the sky above Rio de Janeiro, like marauders looking for easy prey.

Five clicks south of Rio’s bustling seaport, rain blustered clouds descend on Pão de Açúcar, releasing a rolling mist that spills down the mountain’s perilous slopes, then out among the screaming gulls that follow the fishing boats to port, loaded with the day’s catch of sharks, skates, and rays.

At the north end of Copacabana Beach, in the shadows of the Fort Duque de Caxias, two weary fishermen, with failing stamina but practiced resolve, deliver their catch of the day right onto the beach. They had transported a mysterious passenger from a Three-Masted Schooner, anchored a mile off shore. He had sat silently in the front of the small boat, with a stiff breeze in his face, the entire way. But the moment they touched shore he sprang into action, and leaped into the retreating surf with a burlap bag slung over his shoulder, and a white Fedora hat in his hand. He immediately fell to his knees, and made an emblematic sign in the wet sand, while the two fishermen looked on in bewilderment, amazed but utterly silenced by the handmade sign scrawled in the sand.

The stranger quickly rose and strode up the beach, with his foot prints and the fishermen trailing behind. His white pants and white dress shirt clung to his body soaking wet and covered with sand. He soon found a suitable spot, sat his bag down and then opened it. He took out a thick wade of money, secured with a red rubber band. He peeled off several notes and offered it to the fishermen. They lowered their eyes, and then nimbly took the money from his hands, and whispered the word Macumba over their shoulders, as they ran to their boat and pushed it back into the sea.

Further north, across the Bay of Guanabara, dark rain clouds had gathered high above Mt. Corcovado, while down upon the mountain top, the monolithic white stone figure of Christ the Redeemer, stood majestically with open arms outstretched, dispensing hope to the masses far beyond its exalted perch. With the promise of redemption from on high, the faithful bowed their heads and prayed in the rain. But far below down beyond the inlet sea, redemption was not promised, as white cap waves slipped pass shifting swells to crashed against the shore, delivering a promise of a different sort with the advent of the storm.

The beach lay deserted, and the surfers had abandoned the tumultuous sea. Self-preservation had a way of cutting to the quick, yet there stood the stranger at the water’s edge, chanting words from the mystic, in front of a large flat rock that laid half buried in the sand. He had covered it with a red silk cloth, upon which he placed the jaw bone of a Boto Porpoise, a few strands of human hair entangled in a wooden comb. A few trinkets lay to the side, and next to them he placed a mirror and four white candles, whose flame flickered wildly in the wind. At the left side of the rock alter, laid a small wooden figure, whittle from a branch of a Capaiferra tree, which was charred black by flames.

The Stranger stood in silence like a man in a trance; he was completely mesmerized by the pounding surf. Wave after wave raced up the beach to greet him, drawing closer and stronger with each passing surge. Then a huge wave engulfed the rock altar knocking him down, and then quickly drained back to the sea, leaving driftwood, coconuts, and twisted palm branches scattered across the sand, and the rock altar lay in shambles, with one candle still burning, miraculously.

He took this as a good sign, and then snuffed out the flame, retrieving what remained of the Rock altar and put the objects back into his bag. Then he withdrew some dark clothing from the bag and changed into them right there. Afterwards, he took one last look at the churning sea, and then turned and headed for higher ground, and the rain swept streets of Copacabana.

Five minutes from the site of the temporary altar, as the Tucano birds fly, tall shade trees line the streets, offering temporary shelter from the rain. A dubious proposition at best, he soon discovered, while wiping rain water from his eyes, but then he saw something off in the distance, which hastened his departure from the porous sanctuary of the trees.

The streets were nearly empty now, except for a few dogged souls, and one young boy who had braved the storm to sell umbrellas in the rain. The stranger had witnessed the boy's grit and determination, from the sanctuary of the trees, and this pleased him. And when he came upon the boy he gave him a few coins, but he refused the umbrella that the boy offered him, and then he continued on his way.

He walked with hunched shoulders against the wind that blew off of the Inlet Sea. With his eyes to the ground, and head held down, he ignored the storm that sent waves exploding on the shoreline across the street, and barely noticed the Copacabana’s high-rise apartment buildings, with million dollar views, on the other side, but that day the view wasn't worth a dime.

The stranger passed by open air bistros, that usually stayed empty until late afternoon, with garcons dressed in pressed black pants and white serving jackets, all huddled under plastic canopies outside in the rain. They spoke softly among themselves, as they anxiously waited for the deluge to subside, which had reduced the tourist flow to less than a trickle, and their gainful expectations to nothing more than wishful thinking.

Then suddenly, as if a celestial torrential switch had been thrown, the rain stopped. People suddenly began to materialize in the streets as if from thin air, and within minutes the bistros began to fill with patrons taking full advantage of the lull in the storm, and soon it was as if there had been no storm at all.

The sudden transition presented an amicable picture of tranquility. Blue sky and ample sun penetrated the rolling clouds, heartening the prosperous Brasileiros who now filled the bistros to overflow. This was a far cry from the plight of the poor Brasileiros, who lived in the hills, in the favelas, just a few blocks away. Action News camera crews had begun filming the carnage left by the mudslides that came after the torrential rain. Which, inevitably lead to several makeshift homes tumbling down the mountain side, no longer capable of remaining stacked upon one another, like colorful game board pieces, in the crowded hills above Rio de Janeiro.


Copacabana appealed to the stranger, more so than Ipanema’s pristine facade, and as he walked through the neighborhood he came upon a traveling band that roamed the streets entertaining strangers, with song and dance and strumming guitars, as a drummer beat out a captivating rhythm on Macaco skin drums, while Capoeira fighting dancers did their thing.

The stranger moved about like an errant breeze, neither confined nor hindered by venders hawking their cheap wares in front of very expensive stores, while their makeshift stands further narrowed the passable walkway. Then, suddenly, the storm once again made its presence known, and with the first clap of thunder, the crowds dispersed, leaving the stranger once again all alone.

It was his nature to be observant, and he knew that the people in Rio doing all of the heavy lifting were black Brasileiros. He had witness this before, but he was a pragmatic man who dealt with reality, and not the way one thought it should be. Although he moved easily between both worlds of the rich and the poor, his sense of value was never filtered through the prism of ignorance; he knew that things happened by design and not by happenstance. 

The ditch diggers, bus drivers, and baggage handlers, bore their Afro-Brazilian heritage, reluctantly, upon their backs, albeit unwittingly, they accepted their station in life. While the shop owners were well educated and prosperous, with their European heritage intact, promulgating a way of life that guaranteed their domination and control with its most consistent aberration intact. The white Brazilians assumed the caretaker role, which assured their status as captains and masters of the Brazilian society as a whole. Their domination of the most vital aspects important to building a successful material life, in the form of complete ownership of everything in the country worth owning, except for a man’s soul, and in that realm of spiritual mysticism the former Africans slaves held sway.

One shopkeeper called out to the stranger in the street and invited him inside, recognizing that he was not a carioca. The stranger was somewhat amused that he had been so readily identified, by the shopkeeper, as being a tourist. Nothing could have been further from the truth, but his projected personification was working, and he was an inquisitive man who was ahead of schedule, so he complied.

It wasn’t a racist thing, the shopkeeper told him, when he fielded the unexpected question of inequity posed to him by the stranger. The stranger already knew the answer, and of course it was about money, which the shopkeeper readily admitted, sighting the realities of life. The stranger understood the shopkeeper’s tacit acceptance of the gross imbalance between the rich and the poor in Brazil, but he wasn’t passing judgment, but simply passing time, his mind was elsewhere, as he looked at his watch, then he thanked the shop keeper for indulging him, and walked out the door, right on time.

He was back on tract, navigating the busy streets of Copacabana, and occasionally dodging pedestrians who suddenly crossed his path. He consistently avoided collisions and mishaps time and again, as the pedestrians attempted to pass him along the narrow sidewalk. It seems to be a Brazilian thing, for they possess no inkling of the presumed pedestrian sensibility to veer to the right while walking. It was the small things that reminded him that he was in Rio de Janeiro.

He observed other Carioca’s, as the residents of Rio de Janeiro call themselves, going about their daily lives, oblivious to the inundated conditions that winter brings to Rio. It was a welcome change of climate for them, tossing off summer’s sodden heat, and the bustling streets stood in stark contrast, to the recently deserted beaches, abandon by tourist and hucksters alike, and now only capable of attracting the occasional sea turtle, tossed ashore by the wind whipped sea.

The evening downpour turned into a steady drizzle, as the stranger side stepped small puddles of water that had gathered on the sidewalk. When he reached the corner of Rua Bolivar, he turned right, and then proceeded to thread his way through the rest of the neighborhood that made up one of many of the core neighborhoods of Copacabana.

Soon he arrived at his destination, an old office building located on the corner of Rua Aires Saldanha and Miguel Lemos, one street away from the beach. On the front door of an apartment rental office, a travel poster extolled the reader to simply “Blame it on Rio”. He kept that in mind as he quickly scanned the street and then opened the door, and stepped inside. The fat man seated behind the desk looked up, and quickly made an effort to stand. But he was stopped in his tracts by the sight of a gun, held firmly in the grip of the Stranger. The surprised look on the fat man’s face belied the fact that he wasn’t surprised at all, he knew that this moment was coming sooner or later, someday, one day, today.… now.

With a wave of the gun, the stranger motioned for the fat man to sit. With a visible sigh of relief the fat man settled back into his seat, and then the stranger shot him right between the eyes.

The fat man collapsed onto the desk, lifeless eyes harboring no surprise. A ribbon of smoke slowly slipped from the hole in his head, as a trickle of blood ran down his face, and a key was snatched from around his neck. Then a wood carving was placed in his lap before the front door closed without a sound, and the Stranger melted back into the crowd, as effortless as the rain.

Tuesday, May 1, 2012

Pacifying Rio de Janeiro Slums


Problems in pacifying Rio de Janeiro slums


RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) — Jose Martins de Oliveira has lived with plenty of weapons and violence during his 45 years in the sprawling hillside shantytown of Rocinha. For most of that time, it was drug traffickers who controlled the giant slum with brutal force.
Now, it's the police he's worried about.
Since November, several police officers sent in to save the neighborhood have been accused of taking bribes. Another was murdered in a shootout. And just last week, three were charged with rape.
"With the police, we thought we'd have more tranquility," the 65-year-old Martins said. "We feel a little fooled. We were told we'd have peace."
Martins and other residents had high hopes when law enforcementarrived to seize control of the neighborhood in a much-hyped security program meant to prove that this Olympic city is capable of stemming endemic violence — among the promises made duringRio's candidacy to host the 2016 Games.
But the immense challenges the police have faced in pacifying the city's violent slums have raised questions about the state's ability to keep the peace as Rio prepares to take the world stage not just for the Olympics but the 2014 World Cup, which will host its headline events in Rio.
The head of state security nearly doubled the number of officers patrolling Rocinha from 350 to 643 in April to deal with the violence, which included execution-style killings. That heavy police presence has ironically become the most visible sign that the transition is not going smoothly.
Since the highly publicized slum "pacification" program began in late 2008, it became a centerpiece of Rio state's government. More than 21 permanent police units with nearly 4,000 officers have been created citywide, covering 89 shantytowns.
Jose Mariano Beltrame, the state's head of security and the program's architect, said in a press conference that it's helping "more than 1 million people sleep in peace." Another 19 units will be inaugurated across this city before Rio hosts the final World Cup match.
With Rocinha's takeover, the police closed its grip on areas key to ensuring the safety of the millions of visitors expected to flood into the city.
Police with rifles strapped to their chests patrol shantytowns along the road from the main international airport into town. They can also be seen in the slums surrounding Rio's iconic Maracana stadium, where the Olympic opening ceremony will be held, and posh southside Rio neighborhoods such as Ipanema and Copacabana. Nearly all the areas had been in the hands of drug lords, who ruled them as their private fiefdoms, violently dispensing justice and demanding loyalty from residents.
Rocinha's seizure was particularly dramatic, further raising expectations of a better life. The slum's leading drug lord, Antonio Bonfim Lopes, suffered a humiliating arrest days before the takeover, appearing on Brazilian television being pulled from the trunk of a car, after being caught trying to escape.
The takeover that followed was quick and peaceful. Not a single shot was fired, and in less than two hours, police had seized control of territory that had been under the domain of drug traffickers for decades. Rio's main newspaper trumpeted the news, announcing the next day in a giant, front-page headline: "Rocinha is ours."
Euphoria spread through the community in the days that followed, Martins said. Drug gangs had made attaining even basic services such as mail delivery and trash collection difficult, he said, so everyone sighed with relief when municipal workers scoured the slum, leaving Rocinha clean.
"We were so hopeful," Martins said. "Now it seems we've traded the guns of traffickers for the guns of police. These are official, so we can complain of abuses, and that's better. But in the end it's not guns that are going to make things better and convince the people who live here: It's services, things like running water, sewage, and shoring up unstable hillsides that can slip when it rains. And those aren't here."
Over the past few months, police have opened investigations into point-blank shootings linked to a fight over control of drug sales, especially since old gang bosses have been jailed. One of those killed was a former neighborhood association leader who was facing charges of laundering drug money.
At the same time, the old vices of Rio's police such as corruption and abuse have surfaced. Residents say they've been disgusted by reports of officers taking bribes from drug traffickers who want to keep doing business. This week, a resident charged three officers with rape; the men were arrested pending an investigation.
The state responded to the killings by throwing young officers still in training into the shantytown to bolster forces and help keep peace.
Beltrame said he would not waver in his campaign to make Rocinha and Rio safe, but reiterated his warning: Implementing the police pacification units will be a long and difficult process.
"In every area we go in we've had problems. In every single one," said Beltrame. "We cannot undo in months what the dictatorship of drug traffickers did to Rocinha and to other communities in this city over 40 years. There are phases to the installation of (the units), and we are in the beginning. But we will not back down."
Rio state police chief, Erir Ribeiro da Costa Filho, also asked for patience and promised that any officers found guilty of corruption or crimes against the population would be punished.
"Any officers caught in an infraction can and will be excluded from our organization," he said. "They will be investigated."
Rocinha is not the only community in which the program ran into trouble. In September, an anonymous tipster notified pacification unit chiefs that some of the officers patrolling the bohemian Santa Teresa neighborhood were taking monthly payments from drug dealers in exchange for their lenience. Three officers were caught carrying $6,900; the case escalated, and the police unit's leader had to be removed only six months after the unit's inauguration.
In the Alemao slum complex, tensions have heightened between residents and occupying police and army troops. Those who live there have complained about rough searches and abuses by law enforcement, while army troops supporting police suffered 89 attacks by residents in February, including one with sticks and stones during a goodwill visit by British Prince Harry.
Even residents who welcome the police program chafe against the myriad rules and strict control that officers enforce.
"When they (law enforcement) came in, they called an assembly, but it was only to tell us how things were going to be," said Roberto, a Rocinha resident who didn't want to give his last name for fear he'd be singled out for his criticism.
"I don't want to live anywhere else; this is where my life is," he said. "But I want a community with a voice. I know we can't determine the course of police work, but as citizens, we should be able to speak about what kind of community we want to have."
In spite of the problems, the citywide program has been successful if judged by its official aims: to break territorial control by armed groups in specific communities, and to reduce violence, said Ignacio Cano, a researcher with Rio's state university.
But the real question is not whether the city will be safe enough for the World Cup and Olympics, but whether the program can provide long-term security, he said.
Hundreds of communities are still ruled by drug-dealing criminals or militias composed in part of corrupt police, dwarfing the 21 pacification units up and running so far. And there simply aren't enough police officers to extend the reach of the state into every shantytown, Cano said.
"The local impact seems to be positive, but it is limited," he said. "The (pacification units) have been created in areas of the south zone, touristic areas, middle- to high-income areas, areas connected to the World Cup and Olympic games. It doesn't go to the most violent areas, the west of the town, the north of the town and the suburbs."